Mario Z. Puglisi

MAPS TO FIGHT ANXIETY – MARIO Z. PUGLISI

Letters to the silence.

“Claris

These talks I have with my conscience are sometimes very long
they last for days, that´s why I won’t start telling you about them
in this poor letter. Really, take care, eat and sleep well and dream
with the angels and not with this evil thing that I am.

But don’t forget me

And remain always the same, my dear chachinita.

Juan”

Aires de la Colina, Letters to Clara.

Letter from Juan Rulfo to his wife Clara Aparicio.

 

Time passes and there is nothing we can do to stop it. This is a truth that goes beyond us above all other things. With the pass of time, changes always come, changes that we need, perhaps slowly but without hesitation, get used to them and many times against the grief that can provoke. There’s nothing to regret. In this race, in this moving towards an undeniable technificationthat still sounds strange for many of us; there are things that get lost in the road. I’ve always believed, and I openly declare it, that the printed book will gradually lose its dominance against the e-book, everything indicates that there is where we’re heading. And this is not pleasing me at all, as a writer I still harbor the romanticism of what’s tactile, the explosion of the senses that always comes from having a book in the hands, to keep writing with ink, charcoal or granite on paper, our maximum representation of printing on the nature what we feel or think. The new book with its smell of fresh ink and its encouraging purity; or the old book with its marks of war and that common annotations as brief and temporary lapses contained in the pulp that was dust and undoubtedly in dust will become, still keeps the seriousness of the papyrus and the physical integrity in a world that every day is turning more towards virtuality. I’ve always believed in the book, blindly, without hesitation, and thereby I acknowledge that the essence of the book is in its content and its ability to make us grow, to procure the best of us if we learn to assimilate the message; not in the way that is presented. In other words: the most important of the book is the message not the messenger, that’s why judging any by its cover is synonymous of ingenuity. Although it hurts for me to say, the vehicle container of the book has changed and will continue so (we need to remember the mentioned papyrus, centuries ago it was the format to “textualize” the body of human thought). If the most important part of the book, his content, remains, let’s face it, the container will be changing.

We’d better be realistic: the electronic world gains, every moment, a ground impossible to deny. Sad but true. The internet is now the most important tool in the vast majority of academic and labor age population. The generation of children below 12 years of life handles the computer and the global network with astounding expertise and familiarity. Some high school students have never opened a physical dictionary or encyclopedia: they go to the internet search engines, I mean: they get to the same destination by different routes (there are teachers who -I say this with some shame because in this there are more loss than evolution-, who accept Wikipedia prints as serious research works). While we were playing hide and seek, to make spin a wooden cone, to jump on chalk stripes on the floor, children of today spend their time in front of the monitor. But beware, they don’t turn away from reality, they construct a new way of perceiving it. The phrase “the future is now” takes its proper perspective… now.

Literature also reforms itself, in the strictest sense of the word, of finding new forms. The mass media, social networking and renewing technologies, among other things, make literature suits but unfortunately in this passage something gets lost. But its capability to adapt, its ability of wounded animal that almost always survives, is a phenomenon not only natural but admirable that finds our changing nature and anticipates our future.

A genre that is now almost extinct and appears that in the coming decades will disappear entirely is the hand writing letter correspondence. People do not send letters anymore; they write emails or messages through social networks; that is the reality. A note in the newspaper Voice of America declares that the low demand for postal services could lead to closure of over a thousand post offices in the United States this year only. Those beautiful books, those immense volumes that collect the letters that some of the greatest writers sent in life and that gives evidence of the most human part of the authors, the everyday, will gradually disappear. Naturally, coupled with the fact that no one or almost no one uses the traditional letters now (compared to the power and speed of the virtual media) are the circumstances that no one can check dead people’s e-mail because that goes against all Internet’s privacy policies and that calligraphy served to authenticate the legitimacy and authorship of the person who wrote the letter and also that many things gets lost in the network over the years. This loss will leave something substantial behind: the most human part of writers and poets, the most visceral, the most central.

On a visit I made to the place where writer Juan Jose Arreola spent his last days in south of Jalisco state in Mexico and where there is now a museum, I found letters written by the hands of authors such as Octavio Paz and Julio Cortazar, among many other . They show the respect, affection and admiration that these writers felt for the great Arreola.

In the hundreds of books that recover and collect the letters sent by writers still beats the soul that inhabited behind the profession, they retain the language of art and sensitivity in ordinary texts to communicate what they felt and lived, to transmit the day after day, to keep in touch. Some episodes in the history of epistolary literature are really wonderful, essential documents to know the artistic, political and social thinking in some points of the line of time. And if something catches my attention are the letters motivated by love.

In Dickens in Love, a book published in Spain by the label Fórcola we find the letters that Charles Dickens sent to his first love, Maria Beadnell. These correspondence are the living embodiment of the childhood sweetheart of the British writer, a love ignored for over a century by Dickens’s biographers. Seven years before his death the poet Paul Valery lived the most intense love of his, by then 67 years of life, love that, some say, get to kill him of sadness. The object of that love, the novelist Jeanne Loviton, 32 years younger than the French poet, received during the seven years of their relationship dozens of letters in which Valery wrote a lot of love poems. When she left him to marry another person Paul Valery survived two months more and died of a heart attack. In these letters were rescued just over 150 poems that reveal a loving and sensitive Paul Valery, contrary to the vision of the pure, intellectual and measured poet. The poems and fragments of his letters are in the book Corona & Coronilla (original in Spanish), published by Hyperion. The exuberant U.S. actress Brenda Venus relates that in a book of the New York novelist Henry Miller she found a letter he addressed to a woman. Such was the admiration of Venus for the author that she wrote to Miller and send some pictures of her, he was captivated by her beauty and from that day until his death Henry Miller wrote her about 1500 letters in which he declares a love in counterpoint to the obscene universe of “Tropic of Cancer “, his masterpiece. The book “Dear, dear Brenda” shows this by presenting the letters they both sent to each other. Khalil Gibran wrote a lot of love letters to his beloved Mary Haskell for most of his adult life. Despite being a relationship between light and fog the letters speak of a love given and eloquent: “When two people meet, -says Gibran-should be like two water lilies that open from side to side, each showing its golden heart, reflecting the lake, clouds and skies. I can’t understand why a meeting always generates the opposite of this: closed hearts to the suffering and fear”. It witnesses the book “Dear Prophet, Khalil Gibran Letters to Mary Haskell”. Two years before marrying Elena Garro and Octavio Paz, the Mexican poet sent twenty letters in which he declares his love and admiration, and urged her to go against the family Garro and live their love to the fullest. In these documents Octavio Paz shows the seed of some of the verses that would become their best-known poems. “A man loves a woman and kisses her: the kiss creates the world” Octavio Paz wrote in one letter; years later, in Piedra de Sol he writes “The world is born when two people kisses”. Pedro Salinas, the Spanish poet lived a secret relationship with his student Katherine Whitmore until the poet’s wife discovered the affair and attempted suicide. In the period of the relationship Pedro Salinas wrote over three hundred letters to the young American girl, she eventually became the inspiration for his works La voz a ti debida, Razón de amor y Largo lamento. In one letter Salinas speaks of the importance of that little piece of paper they sent between each other: “Just the weight of your letter in my pocket served as a pledge, a proof. I lived in that rectangle of paper. It was the only true place in the world. And before I could open it, like that, close and in my pocket, your letter was the bridge trough life, the yes that life gave me to the troubled question: “Am I? Is It? Are We?” Yes, yes, yes. Everything, yes, hey, everything, yes. And then in my room I read it. I’ve read it. I will read it. Many delights! First the delight of learn your hand writing, your letter, to stumble on a word and decrypt it at last. Your writing, another way of you, another way of living you”. These letters can be found in the book “Letters to Katherine Whitmore” published by Tusquets in 2002.

The handwritten letters, in short, will eventually lose the fight against electronic media. Although I insist that we must be realistic and accept evolution I know that we will be missing them. There’s nowhere more to see, man changes, and for those who doubt and in a romantic way crave for permanence just take a look to history. There is nothing to regret.

Mario Z Puglisi

mariozpuglisi@gmail.com

http://mariozpuglisi.blogspot.com

 

Mario Puglisi (Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 1980), poet and independent editor. Founder and director of the cultural magazine Meretrices in Mexico. He has work published in over twenty magazines in Mexico and Latin America. His work it´s included in a dozen of poetry anthologies. He has participated in international festivals of poetry in Mexico and Peru. He is the author of the books: Dos Triunfos y un Poema de Amor (Colectivo Cultural La Cueva, 2008) El Impulso de Tocarlo Todo (Ediciones El Viaje, 2009) Capítulo Primero: Amanece Luz (El Taller del Poeta, 2011) y Selvas Mínimas (Latin Heritage Foundation, 2012).

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Poetic territories.

During my attendance at First National Encounter of Cultural Magazines in the city of Queretaro, Mexico, I did a paper that was inserted into the table for discussion called “The territories of the poet,” That table I shared with the publishers Manuel Noctis, Adán Echeverria, Rafael Antúnez and José Luis Sierra. In this table we would discuss the publication of poetry today in literary magazines in our country, Mexico. Despite the various styles of the publications that attended there, despite the different paths and approaches to all participants during the meeting we achieved important objectives in the magazine format, whether physical or digital, we recognized the same difficulties, the same concern for adapting to times that are accelerated each day, the same vital requirement for the participation of state authorities to support a work that it’s now more necessary than ever. I emphasize that the meeting, attended by both independent and institutional magazines was done by the cultural authorities of the state of Querétaro in conjunction with the efforts of some governance joined one of the best organized events I’ve attended. We owe much of this to Ms. Laura Gabriela Corvera director of the Institute of Culture and Arts of Querétaro, Miguel Angel Quemain, technical coordinator of the encounter and Maria Fernanda Alvarez Perez, academic link institute. So in this collaboration of NYC Red Door Magazine I share the presentation that I gave at the event.

Poet Territories

“When I heard, a few weeks ago that the table in which I was going to participate in this meeting was titled The Poet Territories the first thing that came to my mind was the question: and then, what are the territories of the poet? The answer was immediately clear, anyone it’s the territories of the poet. In other words, life itself is the territory in which the poet walks and backtrack, works, dreams and rises. The starting point is their ability to perform complex impressions of that he lives, his deep thoughts, his sharp vision that urge him to be the architect of poetry. But the poet, that already born with a natural inclination that must be polished during his stay has to go through a complicated process to achieve sustainable. He always starts from the intent that’s generally given by complex contexts of the first readings and the awakening to poetry, he also starts from his sensitivity that’s ultimately the urge to write everything that lives, and then goes to coaching resources that enhance the word, the history of poetry, the knowledge of techniques and styles, after that he passes through the discipline of his work, the care of the writing, to give time the right dimension for each line or verse written. In all artistic, absolutely all the works that have achieved immortality there’s a requirement: the depth. And this is achieved only with time. Everything in art that is made without devoting the necessary time, it’s done with haste ends up being superfluous and die. The poet must soon recognize that time is a factor in its favor, in favor of his work, that only with this he can reach the depth necessary for maturity. Following these basic steps for the development of the poet is an essential step, a core one: the publication of the work in literary and cultural magazines. Finally he reaches the final goal: the book that shows a proof of his commitment to himself, his time and the posterity because the written word, we know, it’ll always survive us. The poet must be careful with what he writes because it’s represents himself, his radicalism relays on the things he live and how he see and receive what comes, not necessarily in what he writes, because eventually it all goes to the poem, he writes what he lives, what he dreams and imagine, what he have been told and learn, not more. Again, the word remains, we are perishable, the commitment is large.

Of all the steps in the process I rescue one as the most important: publication in the literary magazine. His first confrontation with different and distant readers. The importance of the magazine is that it has served and still serves as a filter for poetry. Through its editorial board, their commitment to the opinion, the magazine filters what have aesthetic elements necessary for the editorial line, they will determine the characteristics of quality, maturity and depth, and finally, they filter most of the poetry that gets to them. From my perspective the poet who calls himself, must meet an inevitable requirement to approach poetry: the humidity. Nobody can be a poet without human recognition of that fine line that gently separates the fragility and strength. Our innate characteristics. Humanity and humility are words derived from the same Latin root humus, or dust, to recognize that we are dust and that no matter how we remain suspended in the air we finally will return to earth it’s essential. The poet must be humble to approach poetry, he will be willing to recommendations for a learning that lasts until the last breath, and even take criticism without turning his passion on. If at some point in the process of publication in the literary magazine he receives negative, he must recognize where are the gaps and strengthen them, to know how to wait.

With the advances in communications and technology anyone with internet access can publish poetry through blogs, personal websites and social networks. This sort of freedom compromising the quality of the work, the awareness of the work, the poetic rigor and discipline. Of course, I legitimate freedom of expression. But again, the poet must be careful with what he posts. Here are the importances of magazines as a sieve to maintain quality standards. The poet must approach the digital magazines and through them pass the test that confers him growth. The Internet is an effective tool for the poet, with its use he closes ties of fraternity with others of their own initiative, he learns easily and affordably, he communicates and is communicated, he can know voices from anywhere in the world, but finally he should have a commitment on what he writes. At this delicate stage is where many are left behind. By the time the poet has grown and matured, found his voice and style he can exploit all media, physical and virtual, then the internet is necessary to enhance the dissemination of its work.

Since the birth of the first literary magazine it has been publish essays, fiction, short stories, criticism, poetry and visual arts. Today, virtual magazines continue to publish exactly the same. This indicates that despite the rapid advance of the media it has changed the format but not the content, and may never do so. The adaptation of literary magazines to new media forms is always latent in the background but its structure and objectives will always remain the same. One of the best examples to illustrate the rapid adaptation of the media is the relationship of the sense of sight with the reading. Page paper reflects the light and with it we can see plainly what is written. The computer screen, however, does not reflect light but emits it, and eventually ends up with a tired view by prolonged reading. However, when the industry fell on the consciousness of this topic it began to emerge filters for the screen, first, then some devices (as in the case of the Kindle) that emulate the experience of the physical paper, its color, the intensity of light and then the reading it’s less damaging to the eye. Technology improves every moment. No doubt, and I say this without a single drop of pleasure, that eventually, perhaps in a few generations, the virtual media end up leaving the paper behind. Though passion finally prevailed, if there are poets who recognize the importance of sensitivity and synesthesia in the paper, there will still resistance in favor of the printed sheet.

Despite the fact that we hear every day on the theme that poetry is not sold in our country, yet it´s published and will continue.  It is undeniable that the big publishers largely publish novel, the genre more commercial, and short stories, one of the literary exercises that gains territory rapidly. However, small publishers, the independent ones in Mexico, continue to publish books of poetry, some even live on the sale of this genre. The classics are still reissuing, new poets are coming to light, the poetry, today, it has demonstrated us, it seems that is not even close to death, nor in the taste of the reader or in the practice of the poet.

Again, all are the territories of the poet, but his launch pad will always be the literary magazine, filter needed to confront his work in proper context and necessary setting to cope with its latest ally or opponent: the reader”.

Mario Z Puglisi

mariozpuglisi@gmail.com

http://mariozpuglisi.blogspot.com

Mario Puglisi (Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 1980), poet and independent editor. Founder and director of the cultural magazine Meretrices in Mexico. He has work published in over twenty magazines in Mexico and Latin America. His work it´s included in a dozen of poetry anthologies. He has participated in international festivals of poetry in Mexico and Peru. He is the author of the books: Dos Triunfos y un Poema de Amor (Colectivo Cultural La Cueva, 2008) El Impulso de Tocarlo Todo (Ediciones El Viaje, 2009) and Capítulo Primero: Amanece Luz (El Taller del Poeta, 2011).

MAPAS PARA COMBATIR LA ANSIEDAD – POR MARIO Z. PUGLISI

De territorios poéticos.

Con motivo de mi asistencia al I Encuentro Nacional de Revistas Culturales en la ciudad de Querétaro, México, realicé una ponencia que se insertó en la mesa de discusión llamada “Los territorios del poeta” que compartí con los editores Manuel Noctis, Adán Echeverría, Rafael Antúnez y José Luis Sierra. En esa mesa discutiríamos la publicación de la poesía en las revistas literarias actuales de nuestro país, México. Pese a los diversos estilos de las publicaciones que allí asistieron, pese a las distintas trayectorias y enfoques de todos los participantes durante el encuentro se alcanzaron objetivos importantes en el ámbito editorial del formato revista, ya sea física o digital, reconocimos las mismas dificultades, la misma preocupación por adaptarnos a tiempos que se aceleran cada día, la misma vital exigencia por la participación de las autoridades de estado para apoyar una labor que hoy es más vigente y necesaria que nunca. Cabe destacar que el encuentro, que convocó tanto a revistas institucionales como a independientes fue realizado por las autoridades culturales del estado de Querétaro en conjunto con el esfuerzo de otros gobiernes institucionales que se sumaron a uno de los encuentros mejor organizados a los que he asistido. Se debe mucho de esto a la Licenciada Laura Gabriela Corvera a cargo del Instituto Queretano de la Cultura y las Artes, a Miguel Ángel Quemain, coordinador técnico del encuentro y a María Fernanda Álvarez Pérez, enlace académico del instituto. Así que en esta colaboración de Red Door NYC Magazine les comparto la ponencia que ofrecí en el evento. A continuación.

Los Territorios del Poeta

“Cuando supe, hace unas pocas semanas, que la mesa en la que participaría en este encuentro se titulaba Los Territorios del Poeta lo primero que me vino a la mente fue la pregunta: y bien, ¿cuáles son los territorios del poeta? La respuesta fue clara inmediatamente, todos son los territorios del poeta. Dicho de otra forma, la vida misma es el territorio por el que el poeta anda y desanda, labora, sueña y se levanta. El punto de partida es su capacidad para realizar complejas impresiones de lo que vive, profundas reflexiones, agudas visiones que lo incitan a ser artífice de la poesía. Pero el poeta, que desde ya nace con una inclinación natural que deberá ir puliendo durante toda su estancia tiene que pasar por un entramado proceso para alcanzar un desarrollo indispensable. Comienza siempre desde la intención que generalmente es brindada por complejos contextos propios de las primeras lecturas y del despertar a la poesía, parte también de la sensibilidad que es en última instancia la urgencia para escribir todo lo que se vive, de allí se pasa a la preparación individual de los recursos que embellecen la palabra, de la historia de la poesía, del conocimiento de las técnicas y los estilos; tras ello pasa por la disciplina de su obra, por el cuidado de lo escrito, por dar la justa dimensión al tiempo necesario para cada línea o verso escrito. En todas las manifestaciones artísticas, absolutamente todas, las obras que han alcanzado la inmortalidad sólo reúnen un requisito indispensable: la profundidad. Y ésta se alcanza únicamente con tiempo. Todo aquello, en arte, que esté hecho sin dedicarle el tiempo necesario, que esté hecho con prisa termina por ser superfluo y por morir. El poeta debe reconocer pronto que el tiempo es un factor a su favor, al favor de su obra, que sólo con él se alcanza la profundidad necesaria para la madurez y permanencia. Tras estos pasos fundamentales para el desarrollo del poeta viene un escalón imprescindible, medular: la publicación de la obra en las revistas literarias y culturales. Por último se alcanza la meta final del poeta: la publicación del libro, muestra fehaciente de su compromiso para consigo mismo, para con su tiempo y para la posteridad porque la palabra escrita, lo sabemos, siempre nos sobrevivirá. El poeta debe ser cuidadoso con lo que escribe porque en ello se representa a sí mismo; su radicalidad está en las cosas que vive y en el cómo ve y recibe lo que le llega, no en lo que escribe, porque finalmente todo se traduce en el poema, se escribe lo que se vive, lo que se sueña e imagina, lo que nos cuentan y aprendemos, no más. Insisto, la palabra permanece, nosotros somos fugaces, el compromiso es grande.

De todos los pasos de este proceso rescato como uno de los más importantes la publicación en la revista literaria. Primer enfrentamiento con el lector distinto y distante. La importancia de la revista es que ha servido y sigue sirviendo como un filtro para la poesía. A través de su consejo editorial, de su compromiso de dictamen, la revista va filtrando aquella obra que reúne una estética necesaria para la línea editorial, va determinando los rasgos de calidad, madurez y profundidad, en fin, va filtrando el grueso de la poesía que se llega hasta sus correos. Desde mi perspectiva el poeta que se jacte de serlo, debe reunir un requisito inevitable para acercarse a la poesía: la humidad. No se puede ser poeta sin antes reconocerse humano en esa delgada línea por la que andamos y que separa delicadamente a la fragilidad y a la fuerza. Nuestras características innatas. Humano y humilde son palabras que derivan de la misma raíz latina humus, o polvo, reconocer que somos polvo y que no importa cuánto nos mantengamos suspendidos en el aire finalmente habremos de regresar a la tierra. El poeta debe ser humilde para acercarse a la poesía, tendrá que estar dispuesto a las recomendaciones, al aprendizaje que dura hasta el último respiro, e incluso tomar la crítica sin encender su pasión. Si en algún momento de este proceso de publicación en la revista literaria se reciben negativas, deberá reconocer en dónde están las deficiencias y fortalecerlas, saber esperar.

Con los avances en la tecnología y las comunicaciones cualquier persona que tenga acceso a internet puede publicar poesía a través de los blogs, las páginas personales y las redes sociales. Esta suerte de libertad demerita la calidad de la obra, la conciencia del trabajo, el rigor y la disciplina poética. Desde luego que legitimo la libertad de expresión. Pero insisto, el poeta debe ser cuidadoso de lo que publica. Aquí la importancia de las revistas como un tamiz para mantener estándares de calidad. El poeta deberá acercarse entonces a las revistas digitales y a través de ellas pasar por pruebas que le confieran crecimiento. El internet es una herramienta eficaz para el poeta, con su uso estrecha lazos de fraternidad con otros de su oficio, con él aprende de forma sencilla y asequible, se comunica y es comunicado, se acerca a voces de cualquier parte del mundo; pero finalmente deberá tenerle mucho valor a su compromiso sobre lo que escribe. En esta etapa tan delicada es donde ocurre una especie de silenciamiento en el que quedan muchos atrás. Ya cuando el poeta ha crecido y madurado, encontrado su voz y estilo podrá explotar todos los medios, los físicos y los virtuales, entonces el internet se hace preciso para enriquecer la difusión de su labor.

Desde que nació la primera revista cultural se ha publicado ensayo, narrativa, cuento, crítica, poesía y artes visuales. El día de hoy las revistas virtuales continúan publicando exactamente lo mismo. Esto indica que a pesar del vertiginoso avance de los medios ha cambiado el formato pero no el contenido, y quizá jamás lo haga. La adaptación de las revistas literarias a nuevas formas de difusión siempre será latente aunque en el fondo su estructura y sus objetivos sigan siendo siempre los mismos. Uno de los mejores ejemplos para ilustrar la adaptación acelerada de los medios es la relación del sentido de la vista con el formato en que se lee. La página de papel refleja la luz y con ella podemos ver con sencillez lo que está escrito. La pantalla de la computadora, en cambio, no refleja la luz, la emite, y eventualmente esta luz termina por cansar la vista haciendo la lectura prolongada francamente cansada. Sin embargo, cuando la industria dedicada a este tema cayó en conciencia comenzaron a salir filtros para pantallas primero y después algunos aparatos (como en el caso del Kindle) que emulan la experiencia del papel físico, su color, la intensidad de su luz haciendo la lectura menos perjudicial para la vista. La tecnología mejora a cada instante. No dudo, y digo esto sin una sola gota de agrado, que eventualmente, en algunas generaciones quizá, los medios virtuales terminen por desplazar al papel. Aunque la pasión termina por imponerse, mientras haya poetas que reconozcan la importancia de la sensibilidad y la sinestesia en la hoja de papel, seguirá habiendo resistencia a favor de la hoja impresa.

A pesar de que se insista tanto en el tema de que no se vende la poesía en nuestro país, aún así se publica y se seguirá publicando. Es innegable que las editoriales grandes publican mayormente novela, el género más comercial, y en menor medida el cuento, la narrativa breve, como uno de los ejercicios literarios que mayor auge han tomado en la industria editorial. Sin embargo, las editoras pequeñas, las de carácter independiente siguen publicando libros de poesía, algunas incluso viven de la venta de este género. Los clásicos se siguen reeditando, nuevos poetas siguen saliendo a la luz en el papel, la poesía, hoy nos lo demuestra, parece que no está ni cercanamente a punto de morir, ni en el gusto del lector ni en la práctica del poeta.

Insisto, todos son los territorios del poeta, sin embargo, su plataforma de despegue será siempre la revista literaria, filtro necesario para confrontar su obra en un contexto adecuado y escenario imprescindible para enfrentarse con su último aliado o detractor: el lector”.

Mario Z Puglisi

mariozpuglisi@gmail.com

http://mariozpuglisi.blogspot.com

Mario Z Puglisi (Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 1980), poeta y editor independiente. Fundador y director de la revista cultural Meretrices en México. Ha colaborado en más de veinte revistas en México y Latinoamérica. Su obra ha sido publicada en una decena de antologías. Ha participado en encuentros internacionales de poetas en México, Puerto Rico y Perú. Es autor de Dos Triunfos y un Poema de Amor (Colectivo Cultural La Cueva, 2008), El Impulso de Tocarlo Todo (Ediciones El Viaje, 2009) y Capítulo Primero: Amanece Luz (El Taller del Poeta, 2011).

Breve recuento sobre Gonzalito

¿Quién hilara después el hilo que hilaremos?

Gonzalo Rojas.

 

Gonzalo Rojas pertenece a esa casta de poetas que nuestra generación no duda en llamar poetas fundadores. Se cree que en cada generación nace en alguna parte del mundo un poeta cuya vida y obra confirma eso que debe ser la máxima preocupación de el obrero de la palabra antes, mucho antes que el éxito, la parafernalia, los premios o el reconocimiento: el ejercicio honesto de la poesía por la poesía misma. Lo hemos discutido hasta el cansancio, el único compromiso que el poeta debe tener es para con la honestidad de su palabra y su obra; y Gonzalo Rojas es una de las máximas muestras de la poesía sincera y sin pretensiones que tiene nuestro continente. Su vida agitada, dividida, su predisposición siempre para defender su poesía contra toda ley estricta de los clasicismos anquilosados, su peculiar forma de entender la universalidad y de allí su vocación de docente, pero sobre todo su poesía transparente, árbol cuyas hojas sueltas caen en todos los rincones del hombre, lo convierten en uno de los poetas más importantes para entender los tiempos modernos y ese fenómeno concatenado que llamamos Latinoamérica.

Lejano 1917 lo vio nacer en Chile, séptimo hijo del matrimonio Rojas Pizarro, en una aldea de mineros. Naturalmente su padre se dedicó a ese oficio mientras su madre educaba y alimentaba a tanto niño. Cuando Gonzalo Rojas tenía apenas cuatro años su padre murió, esa pérdida tan temprana despertaría una sensibilidad que marcó para siempre su obra. Escribe, por ejemplo en Carbón: “Ah, minero inmortal, ésta es tu casa / de roble, que tú mismo construiste. Adelante: / te he venido a esperar, yo soy el séptimo / de tus hijos. No importa /que hayan pasado tantas estrellas por el cielo de estos años, / que hayamos enterrado a tu mujer en un terrible agosto, / porque tú y ella estáis multiplicados. No / importa que la noche nos haya sido negra / por igual a los dos. / -Pasa, no estés ahí / mirándome, sin verme, debajo de la lluvia”.

Algunos años después la familia Rojas se trasladaría de su natal Lebú hacia Concepción y después al norteño puerto de Iquique donde Rojas comienza a escribir artículos para el diario La Crítica. A sus 20 años, mientras cursa la carrera de derecho muere su madre, otro golpe que tardará en cicatrizar. La relación con Rojas, a pesar de haber sido el séptimo hijo, fue estrecha. Nos dice en Celia: “Y nada, nada más; que me parió y me hizo / hombre, al séptimo parto / de su figura de marfil / y de fuego, / en el rigor / de la pobreza y la tristeza, / y supo / oír en el silencio de mi niñez el signo, / el Signo / sigiloso / sin decirme / nunca / nada. / Alabado / sea su parto. / 3 / Que otros vayan por mí ahora / que no puedo, a ponerte / ahí los claveles / colorados de los Rojas míos, tuyos, / hoy / trece doloroso de tu martirio, / los / de mi casta que nacen al alba / y renacen; que vayan a ese muro por nosotros, por /  Rodrigo / Tomás, por Gonzalo hijo, por Alonso; que vayan / o no, si prefieren, / o que oscura te dejen / sola, / sola con la ceniza / de tu belleza / que es tu resurrección, Celia / Pizarro, / hija, nieta de Pizarros / y Pizarros muertos, Madre; / y vengas tú / al exilio con nosotros, a morar como antes en la gracia / de la fascinación recíproca. / Alabado / sea tu nombre para siempre.

En 1938 conoce personalmente al poeta Vicente Huidobro y se suma al grupo surrealista chileno Mandrágora. Los jóvenes poetas que formaban este grupo, entre los que se encontraban Braulio Arenas y Teófilo Cid representan en Santiago un movimiento que refresca e innovan la poesía latinoamericana. Aunque Rojas declararía más tarde que él fue más surrealista que Mandrágora fue en este grupo no sólo donde publicó sus primeros poemas sino por el que entra directamente en la escena poética chilena. En los años próximos viaja de la capital a pasar breves temporadas tanto en la cordillera como en la costa, al norte y al sur hasta el año 45 que se radica en Valparaíso, donde comienza su labor como docente.  Un año después gana el primer lugar del premio de poesía de la sociedad de escritores de su país con el libro El Fuego Eterno; que dos años más tarde su publicaría con el nuevo título de La Miseria del Hombre, su primer obra publicada. Con la publicación de este libro comienza la polémica fuerte; los escritores chilenos dividen la opinión entre quienes lo consideran un trabajo caprichoso fuera tiempo, sin sentido y quienes admiran su nueva visión de la labor poética. Los críticos lo desbaratan, los poetas lo admiran. Gabriela Mistral declaró respecto de esa obra: “Me ha removido, me deja algo parecido al deslumbramiento de lo muy original”. Un año después Mistral escribe al poeta Hugo Zambelli en relación a la antología 13 poetas chilenos: “Si usted pensase en hacer un segunda edición yo procuraría ayudarle con algo. A fin de que se añada 1 ó 2 poemas a la ración de cada autor. Gonzalo Rojas, por ejemplo, no aparece con toda su estatura. Me interesa mucho seguir su evolución”.

En el 57 viaja por primera vez a Europa. Allá conoce personalmente a André Bretón y a Benjamín Péret entre otros maestros surrealistas. David Flakoll y Claude Couffon comienzan a traducir su obra al inglés, francés y polaco. Un año después da pie a su vena de gestor cultural organizando el primer encuentro de escritores chilenos en Concepción. Esta vocación continuaría sumando en calidad e importancia los encuentros que el poeta organizaba, al punto que en el 62 lleva a cabo los Encuentros Internacionales de Escritores a donde acuden figuras como Alejo Carpentier o Allen Ginsberg entre muchísimos otros. Se publica su segundo libro Contra la Muerte en el 64, obra ahora sí aplaudida por críticos, poetas y lectores. En ella nos dice: “Estemos preparados. Quedémonos desnudos / con lo que somos, pero quememos, no pudramos / lo que somos. Ardamos. Respiremos / sin miedo. Despertemos a la gran realidad / de estar naciendo ahora, y en la última hora”. Pocos años después Casa de las Américas publica la segunda edición de este libro tirando 2000 ejemplares.

Ya en la década de los setentas comienza su labor como diplomático y agregado cultural bajo el mando del presidente Salvador Allende. Visita, entre otros lugares China, Europa y el Caribe. Estando en Cuba recibe la noticia del golpe de estado en Chile. Tras perder todos sus privilegios en un acto de violencia política se traslada con su esposa Hilda hacia Alemania. Regresa al continente poco después para radicarse en Venezuela donde permanece por diez años. En esa estancia dicta cátedras e imparte clases en universidades de Estados Unidos y de Latinoamérica. En México publica Del relámpago, obra de suma madurez y con el sello contundente de su voz poética. En este libro ya no hay duda de la maestría en el manejo de su estilo inconfundible de poeta demorado. Nos dice: “De él somos, del / mísero dos partido / en dos somos, del / báratro, corrupción / y lozanía y / clítoris y éxtasis, ángeles / y muslos convulsos: todavía / anda suelto, ¿qué / nos iban a enfriar por eso los tigres / desbocados de anoche? Placer / y más placer. Olfato, lo / primero el olfato de la hermosura, alta / y esbelta rosa de sangre a cuya vertiente vine, no / importa el aceite de la locura (…)”

El poeta Jaime Quezada lo invita a participar en los Jueves de la Poesía en Chile, año de 1981. Esa fue su primera lectura y aparición pública en su país natal tras los diez años del exilio. En la década de los 90’s recibe el premio Reina Sofía de Poesía Iberoamericana y el Premio Nacional de Literatura de Chile, entre otros reconocimientos. La muerte de su esposa Hilda May en el 95, compañera de muchos años, fue otro suceso doloroso para su vida y su palabra; le escribió en Vocales para Hilda: “La que duerme ahí, / la sagrada, / la que me besa y me adivina, / la translúcida, la vibrante, / la loca / de amor, la cítara, / alta”.

Durante su vida fundó y dirigió diversas revistas literarias entre las que se cuentan Letras, Antártica o Atenea. En el 98 la fundación Octavio Paz le entrega el “Premio Octavio Paz para poetas y ensayistas de América, España y Portugal”. El jurado fue presidido por el mismo Paz. Sin embargo, justamente por esos días muere el premio nobel Mexicano.

En abril de este año 2011, la madrugada del 25, Gonzalo Rojas, poeta fundador, voz imprescindible para nuestra poesía, murió en un hospital de Santiago de Chile, yace su cuerpo bajo el suelo de Chillán.

“Lástima de hermosura. Si hoy te falta de madre justo lo que te sobra 
de ramera
y de sábana en sábana, desnuda, vas riendo
y sin embargo empiezas a llorar en lo oscuro cuando no te oye nadie,
es posible, es posible que descubras tu estrella por el viejo ejercicio
del amor, es posible que tanta espuma inútil
pierda su liviandad, se integre en la corriente, vuelva al coro del Ritmo.”

Gonzalo Rojas.

Mario Z Puglisi

mariozpuglisi@gmail.com

http://mariozpuglisi.blogspot.com

Mario Z Puglisi (Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 1980), poeta y editor independiente. Fundador y director de la revista cultural Meretrices en México. Ha colaborado en más de veinte revistas en México y Latinoamérica. Su obra ha sido publicada en una decena de antologías. Ha participado en encuentros internacionales de poetas en México, Puerto Rico y Perú. Es autor de Dos Triunfos y un Poema de Amor (Colectivo Cultural La Cueva, 2008), El Impulso de Tocarlo Todo (Ediciones El Viaje, 2009) y Capítulo Primero: Amanece Luz (El Taller del Poeta, 2011).


By Mario Z. Puglisi.

Gonzalito’s brief review.

Who will then spin that thread that we’ll spin? 
Gonzalo Rojas. 

Gonzalo Rojas belongs to that kind of poets that our generation doesn’t hesitate to call founding poets. It’s believed that in each generation is born, somewhere in the world, a poet whose life and work confirms this to be the biggest concern of the worker of the word before, long before the success, paraphernalia, awards or recognition: the honest exercise of poetry for poetry itself. We’ve discussed in many occasions, the only commitment that the poet must have is to the honesty of his words and his work, and Gonzalo Rojas is one of the greatest examples of the sincere and unpretentious poetry that our continent has. His agitated, divided life, his willingness to always defend his poetry against any strict law of what poetry should be, his peculiar way of understanding the universality and his vocation as a teacher there, but mostly his transparent poetry, tree whose loose leaves fall in all over us, making it one of the most important poets of modern times for the understanding of this concatenated phenomenon that we call America.

Far 1917, he was born in Chile, seventh child of the marriage Rojas Pizarro, in a village of miners. Naturally, his father was dedicated to this profession while her mother fed and well educated the children. When Gonzalo Rojas was four years old his father died, this loss, so early, awoke a sensitivity that marked his work forever. He writes, for example in Coal: “Oh, immortal miner, this is your oak/ house, that you built yourself. Come in: / I’ve come to expect, I am the seventh / of your children. It doesn’t matter / that so many stars have passed in the sky of all these years, / that we’ve buried your wife in a terrible August, / because you and her are multiplied. It doesn’t / matter that the night have been black / equally to both. / -Come in, don´t be there / looking at me without seeing me, under the rain.”

Some years after the Rojas family would move from his native Lebu to Concepcion and then to the northern port of Iquique, where Rojas began to write articles for the newspaper La Critica. At 20 years, while attending law career, his mother died, another coup that will take time to heal. The relationship with his mother, despite being the seventh son, was strong. In Celia he tells us: “And nothing, nothing more, that she gave me birth and made me / man, the seventh birth / her figure of ivory / and fire / on the rigor / of poverty and sorrow, / and she knew / how to hear in the silence of my childhood the sign / the Sign / stealth / without telling me / never / nothing. / Praise / is your delivery. / 3 / Let others go for me now / that I can’t, to put on / around the red pinks / of the Rojas of mine, of yours, / now / painful Thirteen of your martyrdom, / those / of my caste who are born at dawn / and reborn, to be the wall for us, and / Rodrigo / Thomas, Gonzalo son, Alonso, to be or not, if they prefer, or that dark they leave you / alone / alone with the ash / of your beauty / that is your resurrection, Celia / Pizarro, / daughter, granddaughter of Pizarros / and dead Pizarros, Mother, / and then come / whit us into exile, to live as before in grace / of mutual fascination. / Praise / is your name forever.

In 1938 he personally knows the poet Vicente Huidobro and joined the Chilean surrealist group Mandragora. The young poets who formed this group, among whom were Braulio Arenas and Santiago Teófilo Cid represent a movement that refreshes and innovate Latin American poetry. Although Rojas later claim that he was more surreal than Mandragora it was in this group, not only where he published his first poems, but where he entered directly into the Chilean poetry scene. In the next few years he travels from the capital to spend short periods in both the mountains and on the coast, north and south to the year 1945 that he resides in Valparaiso, where he began his work as a teacher. A year after he wins the first prize for poetry of the Society of Writers of his country with the book The Eternal Fire, that two years later he published it with the new title The Misery of Man, his first published work. With this book starts a strong controversy, the Chilean writers divide their opinions between those who consider it a capricious work out time, senseless and those who admire his new vision of the poetic work.  Critics smashed him, poets admire him. Gabriela Mistral said about this work: “I was moved; it leaves me something like the glare of the very original thing.” One year after Mistral writes the poet Hugo Zambelli in relation to the anthology 13 Chilean poets: “If you thought about doing a second edition I would help you in something. In order to add 1 or 2 poems to the ration of each author. Gonzalo Rojas, for example, does not appear with his full height. I am very interested to follow its evolution. “

In the year 1957 he made his first trip to Europe. He personally knows André Breton, Benjamin Peret and other surrealist masters. David Flakoll and Claude Couffon begin to translate their work into English, French and Polish. A year later he starts his vein of cultural manager by organizing the first Meeting of Chilean Writers in Concepción. This vocation continue adding quality and importance in the poet encounters organized by him to the point that in 1962 he holds the International Meeting of Writers where figures as Alejo Carpentier and Allen Ginsberg among many others attended. He published his second book Against the Death on 1964, work now hailed by critics, poets and readers. It says: “Be prepared. Let’s stay naked / with who we are, but let us burn, not rot / what we are. Let us burn. Breathe / without fear. Let us awake to the great reality / to be born now, and in the last hour.” A few years after that Casa de las Americas published the second edition of this book whit 2000 copies.

In the decade of the seventies Rojas began his work as a diplomat and cultural attache under the command of President Salvador Allende. He visit, amongst others China, Europe and the Caribbean. While in Cuba he received the news of the coup d’etat in Chile. After losing all his privileges in an act of political violence he moved to Germany with his wife Hilda. Soon after that, he returned to the continent to settle down in Venezuela where he remained for ten years. In these times he gives lectures and teaches at universities in the United States and Latin America. In Mexico he published Of the lightning, a work of great maturity and with the strong stamp of his poetic voice. In this book there is no doubt of the expertise in handling their unique style of delayed poet. It says: “Of him we are, of the / miserable two parted / in two we are, of / Barathrum, corruption / and freshness and / ecstasy and clitoris, angels / and thighs convulsed: still / on the loose, what / would we be cool by the runaway tigers / of last night? Pleasure and more pleasure. Smell, / first smell of beauty, tall / slender blood rose whose side came not / imported oil of madness (…) “
The poet Jaime Quezada invited him to participate in the Poetry Thursday in Chile, in 1981. That was its first reading and public appearance in his country home after ten years of exile. In the early 90′s he received the Reina Sofia Award for Latin American Poetry and the National Prize for Literature in Chile, among other honors. The death of his wife Hilda on May 95, her companion of many years, was another painful event for his life and his word, he wrote on Vocals to Hilda: “The one who sleeps there, / the sacred / the one who kiss me and guess, / the translucent, vibrant, / crazy / of love, the zither, / high.”

During his lifetime he founded and edited several literary journals, among which includes Letras, Antartica or Athena. In 1998 the Octavio Paz Foundation gave him the “Premio Octavio Paz for poets and essayists of America, Spain and Portugal.” The jury was presided by Paz himself. However, precisely in those days the Mexican poet dies.

In April 2011, at dawn of 25 day, Gonzalo Rojas, poet, founder, essential voice for our poetry, died at a hospital in Santiago de Chile, his body lies under the ground of Chillán.

“What a shame, your beauty. If today you lack a maternity just what you are of
harlot
and from sheet to sheet, naked, you are laughing
and yet you start to mourn in the dark when you anyone hears you
it´s possible, it´s possible that you may discover your star for the old work
of love, it´s possible that many useless foam
loses its lightness, it’s integrated into the mainstream, back to the chorus of Rhythm. “
Gonzalo Rojas.

Mario Z Puglisi

mariozpuglisi@gmail.com

http://mariozpuglisi.blogspot.com

Mario Puglisi (Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 1980), poet and independent editor. Founder and director of the cultural magazine Meretrices in Mexico. He has work published in over twenty magazines in Mexico and Latin America. His work it´s included in a dozen of poetry anthologies. He has participated in international festivals of poetry in Mexico and Peru. He is the author of the books: Dos Triunfos y un Poema de Amor (Colectivo Cultural La Cueva, 2008) El Impulso de Tocarlo Todo (Ediciones El Viaje, 2009) and Capítulo Primero: Amanece Luz (El Taller del Poeta, 2011).


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